[Evaluation of platelet-rich plasma effects on femoral cancellous bone defect healing in rabbit]

Background: Platelet-rich plasma [PRP] is an autologous product having a high concentration of growth factors well known to stimulate different tissues healing. This study was made to determine the effect of PRP on healing of femoral cancellous bone defect in rabbit

Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted on 16 male adult New Zealand white rabbits. The animals were divided into the control group and the treated group including 8 rabbits in each group. Under general anesthesia, using a dental drill, a hole 4 mm in diameter 5 mm in depth was made in the inner aspect of the medial condyle of left femor. In the treated group the created hole was filled with autologous PRP. In the control group, the defect was left untreated. The bone healing was evaluated histopathologically at the end of the first and the second month post surgery. In addition, the samples were assessed histomorphometrically 2 month post surgery

Results: In the control group, the defect seemed to be filled with adipose tissue including sparse hematogenic cells 1 month after surgery. A poor osteogenic activity and some osteoblasts were visible two month post surgery. In the treated group, within 1 month, a mass of osteoblasts as well as neoformed vessels occupied the gap 1 month after surgery. One month later we observed increased young bone trabeculas in addition to a more compact bone neoformation

Conclusion: We concluded that PRP with some characteristics such as ostegoenesis and osteoinduction provide a more rapid regeneration of bone defects

[Effect of Losartan on apoptosis in renal tissue after unilateral ureteral obstruction in rats]

Obstructive uropathy can be used to indicate any obstruction to urinary flow. Losartan is angiotensin II receptor I [AT1] antagonist and is used for treatment of congestive heart failure and hypertension. It is widely recognized that Losartan has organ protective nature and most effective for organ damage progressing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Losartan on apoptosis in renal tissue after unilateral ureteral obstruction in rat. In this experimental study, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups [ten rats in each group] as follows: [1] control; [2] unilateral ureteral obstruction [UUO]; [3] UUO/Losartan [UUO/LOS]; [4] Sham-operated; [5] Sham/LOS. Control animals received drug solvent. Unilateral ureteral obstruction was performed in groups 2 and 3 and sham operations were performed in groups 4 and 5. In group 2, animals received drug solvent and in group 3 animals received Losartan [60 mg/kg]. All drugs administered orally for 15 days [started before operation]. Apoptosis in renal tissue were studied in left renal in different groups with tunnel method at day 14. Tunnel staining determined that experimental unilateral ureteral obstruction caused induction of apoptosis [15.52 +/- 1.33] in tubular cells of renal tissue but, in Losartan treated animals number of apoptotic cells [5.24 +/- 0.93] significantly [p<0.05] decreased. There was no significant difference between control [0.91 +/- 0.26], sham [1.17 +/- 0.29] and sham/LOS [2.16 +/- 0.47] groups. Our results showed that experimental unilateral ureteral obstruction induces apoptosis in renal tissue but, Losartan administration decreased the number of apoptotic cells in renal tissue

Study of zanjan rehabilitation preparedness in unexpected disasters in 2009

According to the studies, most health services centers were damaged during or after disasters in Zanjan. In order to mobilize and resist in disasters, these centers should have an adequate preparation. The aim of this research is to study preparation level of Zanjan province rehabilitation centers in unexpected disasters in 2009. The methodology of this research wants to study preparation level of 16 rehabilitation centers of Zanjan province in disasters. By using of a checklist and SPSS, all items were surveyed and analyzed. This checklist including demographic information, crisis management structure, Training and cooperation in the health centers. None of Zanjan rehabilitation centers do anything about crisis management structure. Based on results, rehabilitation centers in Zanjan are not in a strong position in planning and preparedness in unexpected disasters. In coordination within and outside the organization, two rehabilitation centers are in a good position and three are normal, while 11 other centers are in a weak status. The results show that the mentioned centers require being prepared at the time of crisis and unexpected disasters. Therefore, it is necessary to establish some strict rules about crisis management and also preparation programs in the guidelines

[Appointment of correlation between stroke and serum level of homocysteine, folic acid and vitamin B[12]]

Background: a stroke, or cerebrovascular accident [CVA], occurs when blood supply to part of the brain is disrupted, causing brain cells to die. Often by a blood clot or a fatty deposit due to atherosclerosis. CVA is third cause of death in the world and the most common causes of neurologic dysfunctions. There are different risk factors associated with CVA including systolic or diastolic hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, alcohol abuse. Moderately increased concentration of homocysteine without homocystuinoria associated with increase of atherosclerosis, CVA and over ally mortality. The most common form of hyperhomocysteinemia is genetic. Increased serum level of homocysteine may reflect deficiency of folate, vitB6 and vitB[12]

Materials and Methods: to determine the relationship between serum level of homocysteine, folic acid and vitB[12] and CVA this study was done at a case control survey in 2008 in 40 known case of CVA and 40 control cases are selected among the out patient of neurology clinics of neurologist in kashan city. Demographic data and other inhumation [age, sex, ...] match at case and control groupe. 2cc venous blood of each patient tested for serum level of homocysteine folic acid and vitB[12] [with HPLC] and of all cases and control classified and analyzed

Results: among 40 CVA cases 52/5 female [21cses] 47/5 male [19 cases] and in control groupe 50 female [20 cases] and 50 male [20 cases]. The mean of the ages at cases attached was 67/15 and in control groups was 63/5 and all of the cases and controls was 65/32 and there was a not meaningful difference between two groups. In this study the mean of serum level of homocysteine at case attached was 15/56 +/- 4/69 µmol/l and in control group was 10/15 +/- 4/7 µmol/l And there was meaning full difference between two groups [P<0/05]. The mean of serum level of folic acid was 8/405 +/- 5/33 ng/ml in case groups was and in control groups 10/87 +/- 8/02ng/ml there was meaning full difference between two groupes [P<0.005]. The mean of serum level of vitB[12] in cases attached was 389.02 +/- 208.02 pg/ml and in control groups was 522.82 +/- 218.3 pg/ml and there was meaning full difference between two groups [P<0.05]

Conclusions: this study showed correlation between CVA and serum level of homocysteine, folic acid and vitamin B[12]. It is recommended to conduct prospective studies to evaluate the cause and effect between these supplements and stroke and practical ways of prevention of CVA

[ relationship of suicide attempt and different phases of mentstrual cycle in women referred to Isfahan emergency poisoning center]

The higher prevalence of suicidal attempts among women has been reported in a vast amount of scientific literatures; but contradictory findings have been reported about the different rates of such attempts in different menstural phases. Some studies have shown that suicidal attempts in women are more frequent in specific menstrual phases compared to other phases and to general population. Some other studies, however, have failed to duplicate such results. Regarding these controversies, this study was aimed to evaluate the existence of is any relationship between the suicidal attempts and different phases of menstrual cycle. This was a descriptive study carried out on 298 suicide-attempted females referred to Isfahan Noor and Ali Asghar poisoning emergency center in 2005. They were selected through convenient sampling and were administered questionnaires to assess the menstrual phase at the time of suicidal attempt. Data was analyzed by SPSS10 software using CHI2 test. Most of the suicide-attempted women were in the luteal phase. There was a significant difference between the frequency of this phase and the other phases at the time of attempt [p < 0.05]. Suicidal attempts in females may be more frequent during luteal phase. For preventing suicide, more supportive and evaluative methods should be considered during this high-risk phase

[Monotheistic view, prevention and treatment of depression]

Depression is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders. Cognitive Schemas have been well established to play a role in the development and the treatment of this disorder. Monotheistic view is a popular and well-received cognitive schema which is followed by specific emotions and deserves to be paid attention. This is a review study on the verses of the holy Koran using the relevant resources and soft wares. Data has been classified to primary and secondary preventive categories and discussed accordingly. We distracted three major axes of the monotheistic view as relevant in prevention and treatment of depression. They are: to encourage a positive way of thinking and a productive and creative state of mind, to remove negative attitudes and to reduce depressive symptoms and signs. Some of the important issues which are discussed in this regard according the holy Koran are as follows: this view gives a total perspective about the life which may answer some of the human basic questions about the philosophy of life and existence, it gives faith and wisdom, an attitude based on the trust in God and consent toward his will, it introduces ways for facing with problems such as poverty, financial worries, family problems and life negative events among many others. Applying the mentioned axes, monotheistic view has a basic role in providing humankind with stable and satisfying emotions. As an effective cognitive schema in the treatment and prevention of depression, it can be applied in individual and social primary and secondary care programs. Cognitive schemas deducted from the monotheistic view can make a foundation for a new psychotherapeutic method for depression. In the full text of this material, we have discussed the similarities and differences of this view with other kinds of cognitive schemata

[Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: predisposing factors, symptomatoly, treatments and complications]

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome [NMS] is an acute and dangerous syndrome which usually arise as a side-effect of Neuroleptic drugs. Its high mortality rate, acute course and the current controversies about the best treatment method indicates the necessity of further investigation on its clinical features, predisposing factors and effective therapeutic methods. Retrospectively in a 4-year period, we studied patients hospitalized with NMS applying a 7-section questionnaire assessing: drug historys, the underlying psychiatric disorder, clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, treatment methods and their outcomes, and duration of hospital stay. Rigidity and impaired consciousness were the most common clinical findings. Haloperidol, perphenazine and risperidone were the most common antisychotics used before the NMS onset. Mood disorders, schizophrenia, and mental retardation were the most frequent underlying disorders. The most common prescriptions for treatment of NMS were bromocriptine, fluid and electrolytes therapy, and amantadine. In diagnosing the NMS, impaired consciousness, especially when being accompanied by rigidity and fever, may be a more sensitive criteria than it is currently believed. Bromocriptin and fluid and electrolyte replacement therapy among many other treatment methods, and also interventions for prevention of NMS complications may play important roles in reducing its mortality rate

Histomorphometrical syudy of pancreas in Mehraban female sheep

In the present study, pancreas glands in Mehraban breed of female sheep were histomorphometrically studied in four different age groups included: fetus, newborn, sexually mature and old ages. The results of histomorphometrical analysis with regard to frequency and percentage of parenchymal and stromal structures such as, exocrine secretory units, secretory ducts, blood vessels, islets of Langerhans and stromal connective tissue showed that minimum and maximum percentages of structures within the whole gland belonged in fetal stage, to blood vessels and stromal connective tissue; newborn stage, to blood vessels and exocrine secretory units; in sexually mature, to islets of Langerhans and exocrine secretory units and in old stage, also to islets of Langerhans and exocrine secretoiy units, respectively. The diameter changes of islets of Langerhans in different age groups from minimum to maximum were included: fetus, old, sexually mature and newborn stages. In comparison between different age groups, the frequency of exocrine secretory units showed a significant increase from fetal stage to newborn, sexually mature and old stages [P<0.05]. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in frequency of secretory ducts from fetal stage to newborn, sexually mature and old stages and there was also a significant decrease in frequency of blood vessels from fetal to newborn stage [P<0.05]. Significant decrease was also observed in frequency of islets of Langerhans from fetal and newborn stages to sexually mature and old stages. In comparison between groups, there was a significant increase in diameter of islets of Langerhans from fetal to newborn and sexually mature stages and decrease from newborn to sexually mature and old stages Our study revealed that, there was no significant difference in parenchymal and strotmal structures and diameter of islets of Langerhans between different parts of the gland in each age group. However, the above mentioned parameters often showed significant differences between different age groups. These differences were more prominent between fetal stage compared to the other age groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that structural changes of parenchyma and stroma of pancreas gland begin from prenatal period and will proportionally continue during the period of post-natal development